2 Samuel 21:1

Authorized King James Version

Then there was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and David enquired of the LORD. And the LORD answered, It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he slew the Gibeonites.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְהִ֣י
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
רָעָב֩
Then there was a famine
hunger (more or less extensive)
#3
בִּימֵ֨י
in the days
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#4
דָּוִ֖ד
and David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#5
שָׁלֹ֣שׁ
three
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
#6
שָׁנָ֔ה
year
a year (as a revolution of time)
#7
שָׁנָ֔ה
year
a year (as a revolution of time)
#8
אַֽחֲרֵ֣י
after
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
#9
שָׁנָ֔ה
year
a year (as a revolution of time)
#10
וַיְבַקֵּ֥שׁ
enquired
to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
#11
דָּוִ֖ד
and David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#12
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#13
פְּנֵ֣י
of
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#14
יְהוָ֗ה
And the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#15
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
answered
to say (used with great latitude)
#16
יְהוָ֗ה
And the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#17
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#18
שָׁאוּל֙
It is for Saul
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
#19
וְאֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#20
בֵּ֣ית
house
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
#21
הַדָּמִ֔ים
and for his bloody
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
#22
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#23
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#24
הֵמִ֖ית
because he slew
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#25
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#26
הַגִּבְעֹנִֽים׃
the Gibeonites
a gibonite, or inhabitant of gibon

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 2 Samuel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 2 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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